Department of energy idaho operations office idaho national engineering laboratory this is an informal report intended for use as a preliminaryor working document work supported by the u. Mar 14, 2018 calculating the tons for a cooling tower requires you to understand some basic information about it works. Cooling tower systems include all components that provide comfort cooling by rejecting heat to the atmosphere through the evaporative process. Department of energy assistant secretary for resource. This amount of heat could theoretically melt 1 ton of ice in 24. Test your knowledge on cooling tower online quiz chemical. Hi, i am an engineering student, and i am working on a cross flow induced draft cooling tower. Basic concepts of cooling tower, types of cooling towers, formula for cooling tower efficiency makeup water, drift losses, evaporation losses. The first method is to remove the scaling deposited on the cooling tower. It combines equations for heat and water vapor transfer. This study shows how the efficiency of a natural draft cooling tower can be improved by optimising. Cooling tower basics calculation formulas cooling tower efficiency.
Cooling tower efficiency calculation basic dtls youtube. Cooling tower efficiency calculations chemical engineering site. The fanlaws can be used topredi ctthe pe rformance ofa towerwitha nonstandard motor. That said, it is well accepted that cooling tower efficiency can be improved by increasing the cycles of concentration. The primary function of the tower and the method that transfers heat from the cooling tower system to the environment. As this occurs, a small volume of water is evaporated, reducing the temperature of the water being circulated through the tower. Air conditioner efficiency air conditioner efficiency is the ratio between heat removed and power watt used eer and seer. The present paper is a detailed methodology for thermal design of cooling tower. Cooling tower efficiency cooling tower efficiency can be expressed as efficiency 100t1t2t1t3 where t1 inlet temperature of water to the tower t2 outlet temperature of water from the tower t3 wet bulb temperature of air. Cooling tower efficiency calculations along with approach, range, cycle of concentration, blowdown, evaporation loss and makeup water. Abstract a survey of wet cooling tower literature was performed to develop a simplified method of cooling tower design and simulation for use in power plant cycle optimization.
Study the factors on which efficiency of cooling tower can be. Improving efficiency of cooling tower paper publications. Cooling tower energy efficiency maximizing the energy efficiency of a cooling system requires evaluation of the entire cooling system cooling tower, chiller, heat exchangers, etc. Range is the temperature difference between the hot and cold water at the.
Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach. They further conclude that because of the diversity and complexity of water treatment technology most cooling tower operations adopt an overly conservative approach to tower bleed frequency. With this information you can calculate chiller efficiency in terms of the energy efficiency ratio, or eer, and the coefficient of performance, or cop, for chillers. Cooling tower performance calculations are usually performed numerically. Merkels method is the most widely accepted theory for cooling tower calculations. Introduction cooling towers are very important part of many chemical plants. Oct 17, 2016 although cooling towers are generally some of the most costeffective cooling mechanisms as compared to other cooling technologies such as many dry air cooling systems, it is still important to monitor your industrial cooling tower efficiency and run it as seamlessly as possible.
If heat load calculations are low undersized equipment will be purchased. Nov 30, 2016 test your knowledge on cooling tower online quiz last updated november 30, 2016 cooling tower is an essential piece in most of the chemical process industries and in hvac applications. To maximize waterbased cooling tower benefits, the appropriate tower size must be selected, requiring the identification of several critical factors. What drives 1 note that effectiveness refers to the thermal efficiency of the cooling tower fill and the. Estimate evaporation loss and makeup water requirements article pdf available april 2017 with 9,149 reads how we measure reads. Closed circuit systems differ in that the return fluid often water, or sometimes water mixed with glycol circulates through the tower structure in a coil, while cooling tower water recirculates only in. The required cooling tower design and size will be a function of following values. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination. How to calculate cooling tower efficiency as intervie view. Process leaks, windage, and drift are really just forms of uncontrolled blowdown. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Cooling tower basics and common misconceptions introduction in comparison with most other industrial equipments, the water cooling tower is a simple device, based on the direct contact of two of the earths most common substances.
Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination of thermal efficiency prof. How to calculate tons of cooling for a cooling tower sciencing. The calculation of cooling tower efficiency involves the range and approach of the cooling tower. In this paper, a simple differential equation for counter flow wet cooling tower is solved analytically taking into consideration the nonlinear dependency of the saturated air enthalpy on temperature.
In this study we are doing the comparison ofsome calculations regarding the cooling tower. The chiller system is recirculating 40 gallons per minute of water that is chilled by 24 degrees f and using 24. Cstn july 2003 l et s take a look at how to calculate cooling tower blowdown. The thermal efficiency and longevity of the cooling tower and equipment depend on the proper management of recirculated water. Cooling tower efficiency is limited by the ambient wet bulb temperature. In the ideal case, the cold water temperature will be equal to the wetbulb temperature. Jul 17, 2017 the chiller system is recirculating 40 gallons per minute of water that is chilled by 24 degrees f and using 24. The evaporation rate is approximately 2 gpm per 1 million btuhr of heat rejection. Effective thermal design of cooling towers a stepbystep approach to coolingtower design, with an example calculation to make it clear jonny goyal air liquide engineering and construction, lurgi india various misconceptions arise when it comes to the thermal design of cooling towers. Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach of cooling tower with the examples in the world. Pdf design and performance analysis of the cooling tower in the. Cooling tower efficiency calculations water evaporation. How to calculate tons of cooling for a cooling tower.
Design of an efficient cooling tower for alaoji power plant, aba, abia state, nigeria. When you sign up, we offer you a 1day free trial of 50 calculations. Cooling tower efficiency guide property managers improving cooling tower operations how to use this guide this guide is structured in two parts. Rp m 2 rp m 1 cfm 2 c fm 1 staticpressure 2 static pressure 1 cfm 2 cfm 12. Some additional calculation such as water makeup, fan and. Cooling tower efficiency calculation posted in industrial professionals. Film fill, because it offers greater heat transfer efficiency, is the fill of. Cooling tower makeup water flow calculation rea hvac. Part i outlines the steps necessary to improve cooling tower operations including a simple checklist for easy reference. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower approach. Cooling tower basics calculation formulas cooling tower. It is used in manufacturing, electricalpower generation and massive airconditioning systems. Cooling tower evaporative cooling system measurement. Closed circuit systems differ in that the return fluid often water, or sometimes water mixed with glycol circulates through the tower structure in a coil, while cooling tower water recirculates only in the tower.
The technical data is taken for mechanical draft cooling tower. Cooling tower evaporative cooling is achieved by the evaporation of a small fraction, about 1 to 2%, of the recirculating water flow. Nov 25, 20 cooling tower evaporative cooling is achieved by the evaporation of a small fraction, about 1 to 2%, of the recirculating water flow. Cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. Here we explain in full detail how does a cooling tower work, cooling tower working principles with example text, pictures and diagrams. This study shows how the efficiency of a natural draft. Calculation of effect of cycles of concentration on amount of. Energy efficiency of cooling towers may 9, 2018 wednesday 7. Although cooling towers are generally some of the most costeffective cooling mechanisms as compared to other cooling technologies such as many dry air cooling systems, it is still important to monitor your industrial cooling tower efficiency and run it as seamlessly as possible.
This line has a lot of advantages of the crossflow tower yha, and its flexible assembling can adapt to much more and demanding field conditions, effectively avoids the problems of insufficient wind inlet distance and noise propagation direction. Cooling tower effectiveness in percentage is the ratio of range, to the ideal range, i. The major concern during i study the cooling tower theory was how to computerize the cooling tower theory from the calculation of ntu to the cooling tower performance analysis. Cooling tower bureau of energy efficiency 9 figure 7. Those theories are briefly described in this guideline to provide the basic understanding of its calculation. Film fill because it offers greater heat transfer efficiency, is. Fan efficiency x 6356 third, calculate the tower characteristic in accordance with above computed results. The method allows analytical calculation of cooling tower. Cooling tower is an essential piece in most of the chemical process industries and in hvac applications. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. Cooling tower design calculations posted in student. Cooling towers are a relatively inexpensive and reliable way of expelling heat from a number of industrial processes, including nuclear. Design of an efficient cooling tower for alaoji power plant.
A cooling towers job is to reduce the temperature of water through refrigeration. Apr 08, 2018 cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. Cooling and heating performance and efficiency terminology. Cooling tower evaporative cooling system measurement and. Calculation of effect of cycles of concentration on amount. The mass balance around a cooling tower as illustrated in the figure to the right is. They all claim to be very effective at biological control and chemical usage reduction. Water leaves a cooling tower system in one of four ways. Design of an efficient cooling tower for alaoji power.
They reject process heat from the cooling water to atmosphere and keep the water cool. Water savings of cooling tower efficiency measures for use in performance contracts. Cooling tower process is generally related with vapor pressure of water and humidity. Performance and efficiency terminology related to heat pumps and air condition systems. High efficiency cooling tower ecs energy solution co. In the report the theory of heat exchange in wet cooling towers is briefly sumnarized. How to increase your industrial cooling tower efficiency. Mar 30, 2015 they further conclude that because of the diversity and complexity of water treatment technology most cooling tower operations adopt an overly conservative approach to tower bleed frequency.
Calculate a ton of cooling load using this formula. Nov 22, 2014 try our neri calculator tool for free. The efficiency of this cooling tower system depends on climatic conditions, in particular the wetbulb temperature and the relative humidity of the ambient air. This cooling tower quiz module covers the design, calculations, operations and cooling water treatment etc which will be a refresher for the experience. To calculate the makeup water flow rate, determine the evaporation rate using one of the following. May 02, 2018 how to calculate cooling tower efficiency as intervie view. Cooling tower efficiency calculations free download as pdf file. Cooling tower plays a major role in chemical process industry.
The another method is to improve the efficiency by improving the water quality by various water treatment processes. Cooling tower sizing can simply be done by graphical methods. Part i outlines the steps necessary to improve cooling tower operations including a. This amount of heat could theoretically melt 1 ton of ice in 24 hours. Rp m 2 rp m 1 cfm 2 c fm 1 staticpressure 2 static pressure 1 cfm 2 cfm 12 ho rsep ower 2 ho rsepow er 1c fm cfm 3 formulas. Cooling tower design calculations student cheresources. See the more detailed explanation of cooling towers systems, diagrams, pictures and principles below table of contents what is a cooling tower how do cooling towers work. The size and cost of the cooling tower is proportional to the heat load. Alaoji power station, combined cycle power plant, condenser unit efficiency with induced blower, cooling tower heating effect, optimizing power efficiency output i.
I know the inlet and outlet temperature of water, volume flow rate of water and the heat load desired from the cooling tower. The objective of this paper is to present the design procedure of counter flow cooling towers in a simplified manner keywords. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination of. Hello everybody, is there any practical way to calculate the evaporation loss and drift loss of water from a cooling tower.
Establishment of the approach fixes the operating temperature of the tower and is a most important parameter in determining both tower size and cost. F o r m u l a s a n d t a b l es formulasandtables fanlaws. Ajit prasad dash1, kishor kumar panda2, ajay kumar yadav3, vikas sharma4 1assistantprofessor, 2,3,4b tech mechanical students department of mechanical engineering gandhi institute of engineering and technology, gunupur, rayagada, odisha, india. It not only says little about the efficiency of the chilled water system, but the effect of tower approach on chilled water system efficiency also is limited. Chemical engineering site already published articles on cooling tower components and cooling tower efficiency calculations. Calculations 417 cooling tower blowdown equation by james mcdonald, pe, cwt originally published. Air conditioning air conditioning systems heating, cooling and dehumidification of indoor air for thermal comfort. The evaporation rate is approximately 3 gpm per 100 tons of refrigeration. Sep 17, 20 cooling tower energy efficiency maximizing the energy efficiency of a cooling system requires evaluation of the entire cooling system cooling tower, chiller, heat exchangers, etc. Effective thermal design of cooling towers a stepbystep approach to cooling tower design, with an example calculation to make it clear jonny goyal air liquide engineering and construction, lurgi india various misconceptions arise when it comes to the thermal design of cooling towers.
455 966 731 1342 859 798 732 693 1340 1363 1476 1547 1071 1132 1509 226 82 73 766 543 1587 1546 573 1327 579 435 1517 601 1393 1543 834 178 947 945 1039 308 1323 668 1271 95 354 311 943 363 556 1290 1196 361